[化学相关] pH indicators

Bromothymol blue may be used for observing photosynthetic activities, or as a respiratory indicator (which turns yellow as CO2 is added). 

Also used together with phenol red to monitor the fungal asparaginase enzyme activity - enzyme activity causes it to turn blue, indicating increase in pH.

^ from Wiki

——

相关的人物设定// 

Water

< pH indicator >

Phenolphthalein

Acidic | Neutral | Basic 

Colourless | Colourless | Pink

变色范围：pH8.2-10.0
（部分资料写8.3-10.0，总之高于7 ww）

Synthetic pH indicator。因为是人工合成的所以对周围的物质都感到好奇。
单纯善良，见到sodium hydroxide或是其他alkali 会脸红。

[元素拟人] Astatine & 冰淇淋

论Astatine不能吃冰淇淋的属性 ><

At自身放射性产生的热量会把冰淇淋融掉（不你XD

Rutherford's Scattering Experiment

Rutherford's alpha scattering experiment XD

Alpha particle is also helium's nucleus. It's basically shooting alpha particles at a very, very thin gold foil.

i. Most alpha particles pass through the gold foil with little deflection
> The size of atomic nucleus is very small compared to size of atom.
ii. Less than 1% of alpha particles are deflected at large angles more than 90 degree (those are the ones that come near to the gold nucleus)
> mass of atom is concentrated at a small, massive, positively charged nucleus.

[Alpha particle is positively charged so it'll be repelled by positive nucleus when it gets close to it.]

[元素拟人] Dehydration + Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

Dehydration

#没有Sulphuric acid 这个角色只好让Sulphur上场

C：我我我不是坏人啊还有分明更像是你在欺负小水QAQ

【Concentrated sulphuric acid具有很强的脱水能力——在和碳水化合物接触时，把物质中的氢原子和氧原子按照2：1的个数比，抽取出来，从而使对方碳化。

另外一个是dehydration 的反应~（就是上面的Equation

conc H2SO4, heat to 180 degree Celcius. <Conditions for dehydration of alcohol. xP】

——

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

Reaction Kinetics 里提及的w

Area under curve > total number of molecules 不论温度高低都（应该是）一样的。（为了把Chlorine塞进曲线里面（X）形状不准确之处请见谅><

At higher temperature...
> peak shifts to higher energies/velocities
> curve gets broader & the peak becomes lower due to greater spread of values
> Greater proportion of molecules with energy equal to/higher than activation energy
> More reactants are able to overcome energy barrier & form products
> Frequency of effective collision increases
Rate of reaction increases.

[元素拟人] 氯（自由基） vs 臭氧

Chlorine atom 会破坏 ozone layer。

每一个团子是一个oxygen atom

P/S (iii) 的第一个equation来自Biology的课本 =P 第二个是从Wiki找到的，相信两个都正确，但是在 Bio 考试中请写第一个。>//<

Cl 旁边那个点代表它是free radical —— a species with one or more unpaired electrons

(iii) 的其中一个product是Chlorine atom，它又可以继续欺负（X）O3团子们/// (ii) (iii) 会一直循环所以一个chlorine atom可以破坏上万个ozone molecules。

关于Substitution……

某些A Level 的东西///
We know that CH4 reacts with Cl2 in the presence of UV light, right =P

This is (sort of) how it happens.

Free radical = a species that has unpaired valence electrons. Usually denoted in equation by a dot right next to symbol/formula
P/S dat cherry is single electron

As you see some ethane will be formed in the end. There's actually other products besides what we want - chloromethane.
Sometimes the Cl radical collides with a chloromethane & as the reaction carries on, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane will be formed.
Apparently organic chemists need to purify the products to get what they want.. XD

(Explanation referenced from Chemguide.co.uk and Wikipedia >w<

关于蒸发……

某个小科普……别问我为啥忽然弄这个><

[ 解释来自http://chemguide.co.uk/physical/kt/basic.html
The explanation is from http://chemguide.co.uk/physical/kt/basic.html This website is awesome and is definitely worth a read! ='D ]

 

也因为这缘故虽然汞的沸点是356.7摄氏度，但常温下仍会形成对人体有害的汞蒸气。